一位 45 歲客戶諮詢護理師關於乳房 X 光攝影檢查的建議頻率。護理師應提供何種回應？
A 45-year-old client asks the nurse about the recommended frequency for a screening mammogram. Which response should the nurse provide?
- AEvery 2 years between ages 45 and 54✓ 正解45 歲至 54 歲之間每兩年一次
- BEvery year starting at age 40從 40 歲開始每年一次
- COnly if a lump is palpable僅在觸及腫塊時
- DEvery 5 years after menopause更年期後每五年一次
乳房 X 光攝影（Mammogram）是早期發現乳癌的重要篩檢手段。根據美國癌症學會（ACS）與美國預防醫學工作組（USPSTF）的共識，針對一般風險女性，建議 45 至 54 歲每年進行檢查，55 歲後可改為每兩年一次或維持每年一次。此篩檢頻率旨在平衡早期診斷效益與過度診斷風險，護理師應提供基於實證的衛教。
Screening mammography is an important means of early breast cancer detection. According to the consensus of the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), women at average risk should undergo annual screening between ages 45 and 54, and may then change to biennial screening or continue annual screening after age 55. This frequency balances the benefits of early diagnosis against the risk of overdiagnosis, and the nurse should provide evidence-based education accordingly.
台灣國健署目前補助 45-69 歲女性每兩年一次乳房 X 光攝影，與美國部分指引（如 USPSTF 建議 50-74 歲每兩年一次）略有不同，應依循當地政策說明。