護理師應建議一位 50 歲女性病人哪項二級預防活動？
Which secondary prevention activity should a nurse recommend for a 50-year-old female client?
- ATeaching about a low-fat diet關於低脂飲食的衛教
- BUsing a seatbelt in a car在汽車中使用安全帶
- CHepatitis B immunizationB 型肝炎疫苗接種
- DAnnual screening mammogram✓ 正解年度篩檢性乳房攝影
護理師在健康促進中，理解並應用「三級預防」概念是核心職能。三級預防分別為：一級預防（Primary prevention）旨在疾病發生前預防，二級預防（Secondary prevention）旨在早期發現與治療疾病，三級預防（Tertiary prevention）旨在減少疾病併發症或復健。對於一位 50 歲的女性病人，護理師應推薦符合其年齡層和性別的二級預防活動，以早期篩檢常見的健康問題。這能有效提高疾病的診斷率和治療成功率，對病人預後有顯著影響。
Understanding and applying the three levels of prevention is a core competency for nurses engaged in health promotion. Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it develops; secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment; tertiary prevention seeks to reduce complications or support rehabilitation. For a 50-year-old female client, the nurse should recommend a secondary prevention activity appropriate to her age and sex to enable early screening for common health problems. This can effectively increase rates of diagnosis and successful treatment, with significant impact on patient outcomes.
美國與台灣在三級預防的定義和實踐上是高度一致的。乳房攝影作為女性乳腺癌的二級預防篩檢工具，在兩地都廣泛推行。在美國，對於平均風險的女性，乳房攝影篩檢的建議年齡通常從 40-50 歲開始，每年或每兩年一次。台灣的國民健康署則建議 45-69 歲女性每兩年接受一次乳房 X 光攝影檢查，若有乳癌家族史則可提早至 40 歲。雖然起始年齡和頻率略有差異，但其二級預防的本質是相同的。