— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
一位病人預計參加戒菸計畫，護理師應說明哪些生理改變是戒菸的好處？（選所有適合的）
A client is scheduled for a smoking cessation program. Which physiological changes should the nurse explain as benefits of quitting? (Select all that apply.)
- ADecrease in blood carbon monoxide levels within hours✓ 正解數小時內血液中一氧化碳濃度降低
- BImprovement in lung cilia function within months✓ 正解數月內肺部纖毛功能改善
- CImmediate reversal of all lung tissue damage立即逆轉所有肺組織損傷
- DDecrease in heart rate and blood pressure✓ 正解心跳速率與血壓降低
- EPermanent weight loss as a direct result of quitting戒菸直接導致永久性體重減輕
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
戒菸的生理益處顯著：幾小時內 CO 濃度下降，血氧提升；幾週至幾個月內心血管功能改善（HR/BP 下降）且肺纖毛功能恢復。C 錯誤：部分肺組織損傷（如肺氣腫）是永久的，不可逆；E 錯誤：戒菸後因代謝與食慾改變，通常會有輕微體重增加，而非減重。
Quitting smoking rapidly decreases blood carbon monoxide levels and improves heart rate and blood pressure. Over weeks to months, lung cilia function recovers, enhancing airway clearance, although existing tissue damage like emphysema remains permanent.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣有健保給付的戒菸門診，美國則是多透過保險方案提供戒菸諮詢與輔助藥物。