— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人正在靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。下列哪些現象顯示病人出現反應，需要調慢輸液速度？（選所有適合的）
A client is receiving vancomycin IV. Which signs indicate a reaction that requires slowing the infusion rate? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解臉部和頸部潮紅
- BHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- CPruritus✓ 正解皮膚搔癢
- DIncreased urine output尿量增加
- EMuscle spasm in the chest and back✓ 正解胸部和背部肌肉痙攣
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
快速輸注萬古黴素常引發紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome），表現為臉部、頸部及上半身潮紅、搔癢及低血壓，嚴重者可能出現胸背肌肉痙攣。這是組織胺釋放造成的反應，非過敏反應，處理方式為立即暫停或調慢輸液速度。
Rapid IV vancomycin infusion can trigger Red Man Syndrome, characterized by flushing of the face, neck, and upper torso, pruritus, and hypotension. Severe cases may include muscle spasms of the chest and back. This is a histamine-release reaction (not a true allergy) and is managed by slowing or pausing the infusion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床皆採用輸注幫浦，但美國藥師在調劑時常會預先規劃輸注時間（至少 60-90 分鐘），台灣則由護理師根據給藥指引確認輸注時程。