— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人被處方使用鴉片類止痛藥治療嚴重疼痛。護理師應實施哪個措施來預防常見的不良反應？
A client is prescribed an opioid analgesic for severe pain. Which intervention should the nurse implement to prevent a common adverse effect?
- AAdminister a stool softener regularly✓ 正解定期給予軟便劑
- BMonitor for respiratory depression監測呼吸抑制
- CProvide frequent position changes提供頻繁的體位更換
- DEncourage increased fluid intake鼓勵增加水分攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鴉片類止痛藥（Opioid analgesics）會與腸道內的 mu-受體結合，顯著抑制腸道蠕動，導致水分重吸收增加，引發嚴重的便秘。由於便秘是鴉片類藥物「不可避免」的副作用，且不會隨時間產生耐受性（tolerance），因此預防性給予軟便劑或緩瀉劑是臨床常規。護理師應採取預防性介入，而非等到病人便秘才處理。
Opioids significantly inhibit gastrointestinal motility, leading to constipation, which does not resolve with tolerance development. Therefore, implementing preventive measures such as administering stool softeners is essential to manage this common and unavoidable adverse effect effectively.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床更傾向於在給予鴉片類藥物時，直接配合軟便劑的 Standing Order (醫囑)，無需醫師逐次開立。