一位 45 歲病人詢問關於大腸癌篩檢的建議。根據現行準則，護理師應提供什麼資訊？
A 45-year-old client asks the nurse about recommended screening for colorectal cancer. Which information should the nurse provide based on current guidelines?
- AColonoscopy every 10 years starting at age 45✓ 正解從45歲開始，每10年進行一次大腸鏡檢查
- BSigmoidoscopy every year starting at age 50從50歲開始，每年進行一次乙狀結腸鏡檢查
- CFecal occult blood test every 5 years每5年進行一次糞便潛血檢查
- DBarium enema every 3 years每3年進行一次鋇劑灌腸檢查
美國癌症協會建議一般風險族群從 45 歲開始進行大腸癌篩檢。大腸鏡檢查因同時具備診斷與切除息肉功能，為黃金標準，若結果正常可每 10 年追蹤一次。其餘選項不符合現行臨床建議頻率，且大腸鏡在整體成本效益與預防效果上優於其他診斷方式。
The American Cancer Society recommends that the average-risk population begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. Colonoscopy serves both diagnostic and therapeutic (polyp removal) functions and is therefore the gold standard; if results are normal, follow-up can be every 10 years. The other options do not align with current clinical recommendations on frequency, and colonoscopy has greater overall cost-effectiveness and preventive benefit than other diagnostic methods.
美國將 45 歲定為起始點；台灣國健署推廣 50-74 歲每兩年一次糞便潛血篩檢，兩者因流行病學策略不同而異。