護理師對社區民眾進行預防熱傷害衛教。哪些族群風險較高？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a community group about preventing heat-related illness. Which groups are at higher risk? (Select all that apply.)
- AElderly adults✓ 正解老年人
- BInfants and young children✓ 正解嬰兒和幼童
- CAthletes training outdoors✓ 正解戶外訓練的運動員
- DIndividuals with chronic cardiovascular diseases✓ 正解患有慢性心血管疾病的人
- EHealthy young adults with adequate hydration水分充足的健康年輕人
熱傷害（Heat-related illness）的預防核心在於辨識生理代償能力較差的族群。人體透過皮膚排汗與血管擴張來散熱，若個案的生理調節機制受損（如老年人）、體表面積比例大（如幼兒）、產熱過高（如運動員）或循環系統無法負荷（如心血管疾病），則極易在高溫環境下發生熱衰竭或中暑。護理師應針對這些高風險群，教導水分補充、環境調整與活動時間規劃，以保障安全。
Prevention of heat-related illness centers on identifying populations with limited physiological compensatory capacity. The body dissipates heat through sweating and cutaneous vasodilation. Individuals are at high risk when their physiologic regulation is impaired (such as older adults), when their surface-area-to-mass ratio is large (such as young children), when their heat production is high (such as athletes), or when their circulation cannot cope (such as those with cardiovascular disease); in hot environments, these groups are particularly susceptible to heat exhaustion or heat stroke. Nurses should teach high-risk populations about hydration, environmental modifications, and timing of activities to ensure safety.