一位第一型糖尿病病人正接受中效胰島素（NPH）治療。護理師應教導病人該藥物的作用高峰期為何？
A client with type 1 diabetes is receiving NPH insulin. The nurse should instruct the client that the peak effect of this medication occurs at which time?
- A1 to 3 hours1 至 3 小時
- B15 to 30 minutes15 至 30 分鐘
- C18 to 24 hours18 至 24 小時
- D4 to 12 hours✓ 正解4 至 12 小時
NPH 胰島素是一種中效胰島素（intermediate-acting insulin），其藥物動力學特性為給藥後約 1-2 小時開始作用，高峰期（peak）落在 4 至 12 小時之間，作用持續時間約 18-24 小時。護理師必須熟悉此藥物高峰期，以指導病人在該時段進食適量點心，預防因藥物作用過強而導致低血糖。
NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin. Its pharmacokinetic profile typically includes an onset of action approximately 1-2 hours after administration, a peak between 4 and 12 hours, and a total duration of action of approximately 18-24 hours. The nurse must be familiar with NPH's peak action time in order to teach the client to consume an appropriate snack during that interval to prevent hypoglycemia caused by peak insulin activity.