— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師指導一位 55 歲客戶關於皮膚癌的一級預防。下列哪項建議最合適？
A nurse is teaching a 55-year-old client about primary prevention of skin cancer. Which recommendation is most appropriate?
- APerform monthly skin self-examination每月进行皮肤自我检查
- BUse sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily每日使用 SPF 30 或更高的防晒乳
- CAvoid sun exposure between 10 AM and 4 PM✓ 正解避开上午 10 点至下午 4 点的阳光暴露
- DSchedule an annual total body skin exam with a dermatologist安排每年一次由皮肤科医师进行的全身皮肤检查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
一級預防旨在消除風險因素以預防疾病發生。避開紫外線最強時段是避免皮膚受損的根本預防行為。A 與 D 屬於二級預防（篩檢），透過早期發現來降低嚴重度。B 選項雖重要，但避開高峰期對減少總曝曬量效果更為顯著，是防癌的核心策略。
Primary prevention aims to eliminate risk factors and prevent disease onset. Avoiding peak UV radiation hours is the most fundamental preventive behavior for averting skin damage. Options A and D represent secondary prevention (screening), aimed at reducing severity through early detection. Option B is important, but avoiding peak hours has a greater effect on reducing overall UV exposure and is the core strategy for skin cancer prevention.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國皮膚科對於民眾自我防護衛教極為普及，台灣民眾則較常依賴醫師處方建議，對於防曬時段的公衛意識有待加強。