護理師衛教心血管疾病的可改變危險因子，應包含哪些？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Which factors should the nurse identify? (Select all that apply.)
- ASmoking✓ 正解吸菸
- BFamily history家族病史
- CHypertension✓ 正解高血壓
- DPhysical inactivity✓ 正解缺乏運動
- EAge年齡
心血管疾病的危險因子分為「可改變（Modifiable）」與「不可改變（Non-modifiable）」兩類。護理衛教的核心在於協助病人識別那些能透過生活方式調整、藥物控制或行為改變來降低風險的因素。吸煙、高血壓及缺乏運動皆屬於可改變因子，透過戒煙、抗高血壓藥物及規律有氧運動，可顯著降低冠狀動脈疾病的發病率。家族史與年齡則屬於遺傳與自然老化過程，無法改變。
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are classified as either modifiable or non-modifiable. The core of nursing education is to help clients identify factors that can be reduced through lifestyle changes, medication, or behavioral modification. Smoking, hypertension, and physical inactivity are all modifiable risk factors; smoking cessation, antihypertensive therapy, and regular aerobic exercise can significantly reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease. Family history and age are genetic and natural aging processes that cannot be modified.