一位病人診斷為頭蝨 (Pediculosis capitis)。最重要的感染管制措施為何？
A client is diagnosed with lice (Pediculosis capitis). What is the most important infection control measure?
- AWear a gown and gloves for all interactions在所有互動中穿戴隔離衣和手套
- BEnsure the client does not share hats or combs✓ 正解確保病人不共用帽子或梳子
- CInitiate airborne precautions實施空氣傳播防護措施
- DPlace the client in a negative-pressure room將病人安置於負壓病房
核心概念是頭蝨（Pediculosis capitis）的傳播機制與控制。頭蝨不會跳躍或飛行，它們主要透過頭部與頭部的直接接觸傳播，或是透過共用個人物品（Fomites）如帽子、梳子、耳機、枕頭等間接傳播。因此，感染管制的重點在於中斷接觸路徑。雖然頭蝨令人不安，但它不屬於空氣或飛沫傳染病，不需要高級別的呼吸道隔離。護理重點在於教育病人與家屬避免共用物品，並對環境進行適當的清潔處置。
The core concept is the transmission and control of head lice (Pediculosis capitis). Lice cannot jump or fly and are transmitted mainly by direct head-to-head contact or by sharing personal items (fomites) such as hats, combs, headphones, and pillows. Infection control thus focuses on interrupting these contact pathways. While lice are distressing, they are not airborne or droplet diseases and do not require high-level respiratory isolation. The nursing focus is educating the client and family to avoid sharing items and properly cleaning the environment.
在美國學校系統中，對於頭蝨有明確的「No-nit policy」（雖然近年來有所放寬）。台灣臨床則較少見到頭蝨個案，但在 NCLEX 考試中，這是一個關於「接觸傳播」與「病媒傳播」辨析的經典考題。