護理師正在照顧一位全膝關節置換術後準備出院的病人。病人獨居且活動能力受限。護理師應優先轉介給跨領域團隊中的哪位成員?
A nurse is caring for a client who is being discharged after a total knee arthroplasty. The client lives alone and has limited mobility. Which member of the interdisciplinary team should the nurse prioritize for a referral?
- ARegistered Dietitian註冊營養師
- BPhysical Therapist物理治療師
- CSocial Worker✓ 正解社會工作者
- DOccupational Therapist職能治療師
出院計畫(Discharge Planning)的核心在於確保病人返家後的安全性與照護連續性。本案例的關鍵在於「獨居」與「活動受限」,這兩個因素共同構成了一個重大的社會心理與安全障礙。雖然物理治療師(B)負責步態訓練,職能治療師(D)負責日常生活功能評估,但社工師(C)才是負責協調社會資源、安排居家護理服務(Home Health Care)、評估居家安全環境改造及申請經濟援助的關鍵人物。在 NCLEX 的邏輯中,當病人的社會支持系統(Social Support System)出現缺口(如獨居)時,社工的轉介是確保病人不會因缺乏照顧而再入院的首要步驟。優先解決「誰來照顧」和「資源哪裡來」的問題是管理照護的重點。
Discharge planning aims to ensure safety and continuity of care after discharge. For a client living alone with limited mobility, the social worker is the priority referral because they coordinate community resources, home health services, transportation, meal programs, and home safety modifications. Physical and occupational therapy address mobility and ADLs respectively, but the social worker addresses the social support gap that creates the highest risk for readmission.
在美國,出院計畫在入院當天即開始,社工師(Social Worker)或個案管理師(Case Manager)在保險給付與轉接居家護理中扮演極重角色。在台灣,出院準備服務多由專職的「出院準備護理師」主導,社工師則較偏向處理經濟困難或家庭糾紛,護理師在協調居家照護資源上需承擔更多行政聯繫工作。