— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
對於接受靜脈注射萬古黴素 (Vancomycin) 的病人，哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which nursing interventions are appropriate for a client receiving intravenous vancomycin? (Select all that apply.)
- AMonitor peak and trough levels✓ 正解監測峰值和谷值濃度
- BAdminister the infusion over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解輸注時間至少需 60 分鐘
- CAssess for infusion-related reaction (red man syndrome)✓ 正解評估輸液相關反應（紅人症）
- DIncrease the infusion rate if the patient complains of itching若病人主訴搔癢則加快輸注速率
- ECheck renal function markers (BUN and Creatinine)✓ 正解檢查腎功能指標（BUN 和肌酸酐）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
萬古黴素（Vancomycin）具腎毒性與耳毒性。護理要點：必須監測血中濃度（谷值 Trough level，確保治療效果與預防毒性）、給藥時間需慢（至少 60 分鐘，防止紅人症 Red man syndrome）、觀察皮膚潮紅搔癢、定期追蹤腎功能參數（BUN/Creatinine）。若出現紅人症（搔癢、潮紅），應減慢或暫停輸注，而非加速。
Vancomycin is nephrotoxic and ototoxic. Nursing care includes monitoring trough (and at times peak) drug levels to ensure therapeutic range and avoid toxicity, infusing slowly over at least 60 minutes to prevent Red Man Syndrome, assessing for infusion-related flushing/pruritus/hypotension, and checking renal function (BUN, creatinine) regularly. If Red Man Syndrome occurs, slow or pause the infusion—never speed it up.