— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
病人因雙相情緒障礙症服用碳酸鋰（Lithium）。哪些症狀應提醒病人為鋰中毒的早期徵兆？（選所有適合的）
A patient is prescribed lithium carbonate for bipolar disorder. Which symptoms should the nurse warn the patient about as early signs of lithium toxicity? (Select all that apply.)
- APersistent nausea and vomiting✓ 正解持續的噁心和嘔吐
- BFine hand tremors手部細微震顫
- CDiarrhea✓ 正解腹瀉
- DBlurred vision✓ 正解視力模糊
- EMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鋰鹽治療窗極窄，中毒跡象包括腸胃道不適（噁心、嘔吐、腹瀉）、神經症狀（視力模糊、肌無力、共濟失調）。細微手震（Fine tremor）是常見的副作用，但若變成粗大震顫則為中毒。病人需維持充足水分與鈉攝取，避免中毒。
Lithium has a narrow therapeutic index, so clients must recognize early signs of toxicity. Symptoms include gastrointestinal distress such as persistent nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as neurological issues like blurred vision and muscle weakness. While fine tremors are a common side effect, coarse tremors or worsening symptoms indicate potential toxicity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
鋰鹽監測在美台均需定期抽血確認濃度，美國護理師常主導衛教門診追蹤。