— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師應針對長期使用皮質類固醇的病人監測哪些發現？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings should a nurse monitor for a client receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy? (Select all that apply.)
- AHyperglycemia✓ 正解高血糖
- BWeight loss體重減輕
- CDelayed wound healing✓ 正解傷口癒合延遲
- DIncreased blood pressure✓ 正解血壓升高
- EHypokalemia✓ 正解低血鉀
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
長期使用皮質類固醇會影響代謝與電解質平衡。類固醇會促進糖質新生導致血糖升高，增加鈉留存與水分滯留進而提升血壓，並增加鉀離子排泄導致低血鉀。此外，類固醇抑制發炎反應與蛋白質合成，會顯著延緩傷口癒合速度。體重通常因水分滯留與脂肪堆積而上升，而非下降。
Long-term corticosteroid therapy affects metabolism and electrolyte balance by stimulating gluconeogenesis, which causes hyperglycemia, and promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion, leading to increased blood pressure and hypokalemia. Additionally, steroids inhibit protein synthesis and inflammatory responses, significantly delaying wound healing, while typically causing weight gain rather than loss.
✦ 台美臨床差異