一位 30 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案，出現心悸、出汗及瀕死感。護理師應優先採取的介入措施為何？
A 30-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with reports of palpitations, sweating, and feelings of impending doom. Which intervention is the highest priority for the nurse?
- AAdminister an as-needed benzodiazepine給予處方備用苯二氮平類藥物。
- BPerform a physical assessment to rule out cardiac issues進行身體評估以排除心臟問題。
- CInstruct the client to breathe deeply and slowly✓ 正解指示個案深呼吸並放慢速度。
- DEncourage the client to discuss the source of their anxiety鼓勵個案討論其焦慮的來源。
面對急性焦慮發作，首要目標是減輕生理症狀並恢復個案的自控力。呼吸控制能有效降低交感神經活性。雖然需排除生理病灶，但當下處置應先緩解其極度不適。藥物需醫師開立且非第一步，探討焦慮源需在個案情緒穩定後進行。
When managing an acute anxiety attack, the primary goal is to reduce physiological symptoms and restore the client's sense of control. Controlled breathing effectively reduces sympathetic nervous system activity. Although organic causes must be ruled out, the immediate intervention should focus on relieving the client's extreme distress. Medications require a physician's order and are not the first step, and exploring the source of anxiety should occur only after the client's emotional state has stabilized.
美國護理師依據 Standing Order 較常獨立執行緩和措施；台灣護理師通常先協助穩定後再聯絡值班醫師。