— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · SATA —
一位剛被診斷為末期疾病的個案說：「我無法相信這發生在我身上，我一直很健康。」護理師應識別出這是悲傷五階段中的哪一階段？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client who has just been diagnosed with a terminal illness. The client states, 'I cannot believe this is happening to me; I have lived a healthy life.' Which stage of grief is the client displaying? (Select all that apply.)
- ADenial✓ 正解否認
- BAnger憤怒
- CBargaining討價還價
- DDepression憂鬱
- EShock✓ 正解震驚
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
此個案表現出難以置信與否定現實的態度，符合悲傷階段中的「否認 (Denial)」與「震驚 (Shock)」。這類言辭反映出個案試圖將現實隔絕在意識之外。雖然語氣中帶有對自身健康生活的不平，但核心尚未轉向針對醫療人員的憤怒或交換條件的協議。
The client's statement reflects the stages of denial and shock, which serve as protective mechanisms to buffer the immediate impact of a terminal diagnosis. These responses help the individual process the news gradually by temporarily isolating the reality of the situation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
西方對於悲傷五階段的應用常整合於緩和醫療中，台灣臨床亦採用此理論，但在文化上更強調家屬對診斷的隱匿（告知原則差異）。