護理師正在衛教一位家長關於 2 個月大嬰兒的安全睡眠實務。護理師應包含哪些指導？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client about safe sleep practices for their 2-month-old infant. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AAlways place the infant on their back to sleep✓ 正解始終讓嬰兒仰臥睡眠
- BUse a soft mattress and thick blankets to keep the infant warm使用柔軟的床墊和厚毯子以保暖嬰兒
- CRemove all stuffed animals and pillows from the crib✓ 正解移除嬰兒床內的所有填充玩偶和枕頭
- DRoom-sharing with the infant in a separate bassinet is recommended✓ 正解建議與嬰兒同房不同床（使用獨立搖籃）
- EBumper pads should be used to protect the infant from the crib slats應使用床圍以保護嬰兒免受嬰兒床欄杆撞傷
預防嬰兒猝死症（SIDS）是嬰兒期健康促進的最重要課題。核心概念是「仰睡、清空、同房不同床」。選項 A 指出仰睡（Back to Sleep）是唯一建議的安全睡姿，可顯著降低窒息風險。選項 C 強調嬰兒床內不應有任何鬆軟物件（如填充玩具、枕頭、寬鬆毯子），因為這些都可能遮蓋嬰兒口鼻。選項 D 是目前的黃金標準，同房能讓家長及時監測，但必須分床睡以預防大人翻身壓傷嬰兒。選項 B 和 E 均為錯誤且危險：軟床墊會增加窒息風險，而床圍（Bumper pads）已被證實會造成窒息或限制氣流，目前美國多州已禁止銷售。臨床思路上，護理師必須以「排除任何可能的氣道阻礙」為衛教最高原則。
Preventing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the most important infant health-promotion topic. The core principles are 'back to sleep, empty crib, room-sharing but not bed-sharing.' Option A states that supine (back) sleep is the only recommended safe sleep position and significantly reduces suffocation risk. Option C emphasizes that the crib should be free of any soft items (such as stuffed toys, pillows, or loose blankets), as these may cover the infant's mouth and nose. Option D represents the current gold standard: room-sharing allows parents to monitor the infant promptly but requires separate sleep surfaces to prevent adult rollover injuries. Options B and E are both incorrect and dangerous: soft mattresses increase suffocation risk, and bumper pads have been shown to cause suffocation or restrict airflow, and their sale is now prohibited in many U.S. states. The clinical reasoning is that the nurse must take 'elimination of any potential airway obstruction' as the highest educational principle.
美國兒科學會（AAP）對於「清空嬰兒床」的衛教非常具體，且法律對嬰兒床的安全規範極嚴。台灣家庭因空間限制或文化因素（如方便安撫），「同床睡」的比例較高，護理師需特別強調分床的重要性，並介紹替代方案如床邊小床。