一位因酒精戒斷入院的病人開始出現震顫、心搏過速及大汗。哪些護理介入是合適的？（選所有適合的）
A client admitted for alcohol detoxification begins to experience tremors, tachycardia, and diaphoresis. Which interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AMonitor vital signs frequently✓ 正解頻繁監測生命徵象
- BProvide a quiet, low-stimulus environment✓ 正解提供安靜、低刺激的環境
- CAdminister benzodiazepines as prescribed✓ 正解依醫囑給予苯二氮平類藥物
- DEncourage the client to stay in the common dayroom鼓勵病人留在公共休息室
- EAssess the client using a standardized scale (e.g., CIWA-Ar)✓ 正解使用標準化量表評估病人（例如 CIWA-Ar）
酒精戒斷（Alcohol Withdrawal）可能演變為致命的震顫性譫妄（DTs）。護理重點包含：頻繁監測生命徵象（A）、降低環境刺激以預防癲癇或幻覺（B）、依醫囑給予苯二氮平類藥物（C）以緩解症狀，以及使用 CIWA-Ar 量表進行系統化評估（E）。待在公共休息室（D）會增加刺激，對戒斷病人不佳。
Alcohol withdrawal can progress to potentially fatal delirium tremens (DTs). Nursing focuses include frequent vital sign monitoring (A), reducing environmental stimuli to prevent seizures or hallucinations (B), administering benzodiazepines as prescribed (C) to alleviate symptoms, and using the CIWA-Ar scale for systematic assessment (E). Staying in the common dayroom (D) increases stimulation, which is unsuitable for a client in withdrawal.
美國臨床極度依賴 CIWA-Ar 量表來決定 Benzodiazepine 的給藥劑量；台灣則多由醫師依臨床觀察開立固定劑量或 PRN。