— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師應推薦哪項一級預防策略給社區居民，以降低皮膚癌風險？
Which primary prevention strategy should the nurse recommend to a group of community members to reduce the risk of skin cancer?
- AScheduling an annual biopsy of suspicious moles安排可疑黑痣的年度活檢
- BVisiting a dermatologist for annual mole mapping至皮膚科進行年度黑痣繪圖檢查
- CPerforming monthly skin self-examinations每月進行皮膚自我檢查
- DApplying broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher✓ 正解塗抹SPF 30或以上的廣譜防曬乳
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
一級預防（Primary Prevention）的核心在於「預防疾病發生」，透過消除危險因子來保護健康個體。紫外線（UV）輻射是皮膚癌的主要環境致癌因子，使用廣譜防曬乳能有效阻斷 UV 輻射對皮膚細胞 DNA 的損傷，從源頭降低癌症風險。其他選項分別屬於二級預防（篩檢）或三級預防（治療），不屬於一級預防範疇。
Primary prevention aims to stop disease before it occurs by eliminating risk factors. Applying broad-spectrum sunscreen protects healthy skin from ultraviolet radiation, the primary cause of skin cancer. In contrast, biopsies, mole mapping, and self-examinations are forms of secondary prevention focused on early detection.