針對第二型糖尿病個案,健康促進計畫應包含哪些關鍵內容?(選所有適合的)
Which of the following are essential components of a health promotion plan for a client with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? (Select all that apply.)
- ADaily foot inspection for skin integrity✓ 正解每日檢查足部皮膚完整性
- BConsistent carbohydrate intake throughout the day✓ 正解全天攝取一致的碳水化合物
- CRegular comprehensive dilated eye examinations✓ 正解定期進行全面性散瞳眼底檢查
- DRoutine monitoring of A1C levels at least twice a year✓ 正解至少每半年常規監測糖化血色素(A1C)
- EComplete elimination of all dietary fats完全排除所有膳食脂肪
糖尿病健康促進的核心在於預防慢性併發症與維持血糖恆定。糖尿病常導致神經病變與血管病變,使足部受傷風險增加且癒合困難,故每日足部檢查至關重要。飲食控制應強調醣類穩定攝取以避免血糖波動,而非單一營養素的排除。視網膜病變與腎病變是常見併發症,定期眼底檢查與糖化血色素(A1C)監測是標準照護流程,能及早發現病變並評估長期控制成效。
Health promotion for type 2 diabetes focuses on preventing complications through daily foot inspections to detect neuropathy-related injuries and consistent carbohydrate intake to stabilize blood glucose. Regular dilated eye exams and A1C monitoring are essential for early detection of retinopathy and assessing long-term glycemic control.
美國糖尿病學會(ADA)指引對於糖尿病照護有極高標準,特別強調多專業團隊照護(如足病醫師、眼科醫師參與),台灣臨床亦遵循類似國際指引,但在社區衛教資源的整合度與電子病歷系統的自動提醒機制上,美國體系通常更為嚴謹。