— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師正在照護一名嗜中性球減少症（Neutropenia）的病人。護理師應給予病人及家屬哪些指導？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with neutropenia. Which instructions should the nurse provide to the client and family? (Select all that apply.)
- AAvoid eating raw fruits and vegetables✓ 正解避免食用生鮮水果和蔬菜
- BEnsure all flowers and plants are removed from the room✓ 正解確保移除房間內的所有花卉和植物
- CWear a mask when family members have a cold當家屬感冒時佩戴口罩
- DTake rectal temperatures daily to monitor for infection每日測量直腸溫度以監測感染
- EPerform meticulous hand hygiene frequently✓ 正解頻繁進行仔細的手部衛生
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嗜中性球減少症（ANC < 1000/mm³）病人的免疫力極低，防護重點是減少細菌與真菌接觸。新鮮蔬果可能帶有土壤中的微生物（應煮熟）；花草植物水中易生長黴菌。肥皂洗手是最核心的防護。C 選項：生病家屬不應探視而非僅戴口罩。D 選項：嚴禁量肛溫，以免造成直腸黏膜微小創傷導致菌血症。
Clients with neutropenia require strict infection control measures, including avoiding raw fruits and vegetables to reduce exposure to soil-borne pathogens and removing plants to minimize fungal risks. Meticulous hand hygiene is essential, and rectal temperatures should be avoided to prevent mucosal trauma and subsequent bacteremia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床上有標準的「Neutropenic Diet」規範；台灣部分醫院對生食的禁令較鬆（如削皮水果），但感控原則趨向一致。