— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師評估兒童發展里程碑。對於 12 個月大的幼兒，下列何者為警訊？
A nurse is assessing a child for developmental milestones. Which observation is concerning for a 12-month-old?
- AUnable to say 'mama' or 'dada'無法說「媽媽」或「爸爸」
- BUnable to pull to stand✓ 正解無法拉著站立
- CUnable to stack two blocks無法疊放兩塊積木
- DUnable to walk independently無法獨立行走
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
12 個月大幼兒應能獨自扶持站立（pull to stand），若連站立都無法，為嚴重發展遲緩。D 錯誤：有些嬰兒到 15 個月才開始走；A 錯誤：這階段能說單字即可；C 錯誤：疊積木通常是 15-18 個月的發展任務。
Pulling to stand is a gross motor milestone typically achieved by 10 to 12 months of age, so inability to do so at 12 months indicates significant developmental delay. While independent walking is not expected until 15 to 18 months, and single-word speech or block stacking may vary or be expected later, failing to pull to stand is concerning.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國兒科護理師常運用標準化的發育篩檢量表（如 ASQ）；台灣則依賴兒童健康手冊的發展評估，家長警覺性與醫師諮詢比例亦高。