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生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA

護理師照護一位急性胰臟炎病人,下列哪些照護措施是適當的?(選所有適合的)

A nurse is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis. Which interventions are indicated in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

  • AKeep the client NPO✓ 正解
    保持病人禁食(NPO)
  • BAdminister IV fluids as prescribed✓ 正解
    依醫囑給予靜脈輸液
  • CPlace the client in a side-lying position with knees flexed✓ 正解
    讓病人採側臥位並屈曲膝蓋
  • DEncourage a high-fat diet to maintain calorie intake
    鼓勵攝取高脂飲食以維持熱量攝取
  • EAdminister analgesics for pain control✓ 正解
    給予止痛藥以控制疼痛
Explanation · 中文詳解

急性胰臟炎的照護核心在於「讓胰臟休息」。胰臟酵素(pancreatic enzymes)的過早活化導致胰臟自我消化,因此必須禁食以減少胰液分泌。同時,由於病人可能出現嚴重的第三空間體液流失(third-spacing),積極的靜脈輸液(IV fluids)至關重要。病人常因劇烈疼痛而採取胎兒臥姿(fetal position)以緩解腹部壓力。疼痛控制則是護理優先級中的重要部分,以減輕病人的生理壓力反應。

Management focuses on resting the pancreas by keeping the client NPO to inhibit enzyme secretion and administering IV fluids to address third-space fluid loss. Placing the client in a side-lying position with knees flexed reduces abdominal tension and alleviates pain. Analgesics are prioritized for effective pain control, while high-fat foods are avoided as they stimulate pancreatic activity.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國臨床,急性胰臟炎的止痛藥物選擇上,過去曾擔憂嗎啡會造成歐迪氏括約肌(Sphincter of Oddi)痙攣,但現代醫學證據顯示其臨床影響有限,嗎啡仍是常用止痛選擇,這與台灣臨床教學中可能仍強調避用嗎啡的傳統觀念略有不同。

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