一位失智症晚期病人拒絕進食。護理師應採取哪項最適當的行動?
A client with advanced dementia refuses to eat. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- ARequest an immediate prescription for a feeding tube立即請求開立餵食管處方
- BOffer small, frequent finger foods✓ 正解提供少量多餐的手指食物
- CForce-feed the client slowly緩慢強迫餵食
- DWait until the client is hungry to offer a large meal等到客戶飢餓時再提供大餐
失智症晚期病人常因認知功能嚴重退化、吞嚥困難、食慾不振或對進食失去興趣而拒絕進食,這對其營養狀況和整體健康構成嚴重威脅。護理師在處理這種情況時,應採取以病人為中心、非侵入性且能促進病人自主性的策略,避免強迫行為,以免增加病人的焦慮和抗拒。 提供少量多餐且易於抓取的「手指食物」(finger foods),是應對失智症病人拒絕進食的有效策略。這種食物不需要使用餐具,病人可以自行拿取,增加了進食的自主性和樂趣,有助於提高進食意願。此外,小份量的食物也較不易讓病人感到壓力或飽足感過重。護理師還應創造一個安靜、無干擾的進食環境,並給予足夠的時間,以支持病人維持最佳的營養狀態。
Offering small, frequent finger foods is the most appropriate action as it promotes client independence and reduces the overwhelm associated with traditional meals. This approach supports nutritional intake without forcing the client, thereby minimizing anxiety and aspiration risks while respecting the cognitive limitations of advanced dementia.
在美國,對於失智症晚期病人拒絕進食的處理,非常強調倫理討論和病人自主權。在考慮放置餵食管之前,醫療團隊會與家屬進行充分溝通,評估病人的預立醫療指示(advance directives)或代理決策者(surrogate decision-maker)的意願,並權衡餵食管的利弊。台灣在倫理討論方面也日益重視,但對於餵食管的決策,家屬的影響力可能仍相對較大,有時會傾向於採取積極的醫療介入以維持生命。