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降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一名患有慢性腎臟病(CKD)的患者血清磷值為 6.2 mg/dL。護理師應預期優先給予哪種藥物以處理此發現?

A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a serum phosphorus level of 6.2 mg/dL. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer as a priority to address this finding?

  • ACalcium acetate✓ 正解
    醋酸鈣
  • BAlbuterol nebulizer
    沙丁胺醇霧化吸入
  • CEpoetin alfa
    依泊汀阿爾法
  • DFolic acid
    葉酸
Explanation · 中文詳解

慢性腎臟病患者因腎小球濾過率下降,無法有效排出磷,導致高血磷(正常磷值為 3.0-4.5 mg/dL)。長期高血磷會引起副甲狀腺亢進及骨骼鈣化問題。Calcium acetate(醋酸鈣)是一種磷結合劑,透過在腸道中與食物中的磷結合形成不溶性物質隨糞便排出,從而降低血磷。Albuterol 是處理高血鉀的輔助手段,與磷無關。Folic acid 和 Epoetin alfa 是針對 CKD 引起的貧血,並非針對電解質失衡。護理師必須理解藥物的作用機轉與檢驗值的對應關係。給予磷結合劑的關鍵護理細節是:必須隨餐服用,否則藥物將無法與食物中的磷發生反應,療效會大打折扣。這是 CKD 照護中減少長期併發症風險的重要一環。

Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder administered with meals to bind dietary phosphorus in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing its absorption and lowering serum phosphorus levels in clients with chronic kidney disease. Unlike albuterol, which treats hyperkalemia, or epoetin alfa and folic acid, which address anemia, calcium acetate specifically targets the electrolyte imbalance associated with reduced renal filtration.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國,CKD 患者的磷與鈣監測通常由透析護理師或營養師密切追蹤,並根據每月實驗室結果調整磷結合劑劑量。在台灣,除了醫師開藥,護理師在衛教時會特別強調「藥物與食物一起咬碎或吞服」的技巧,因為台灣飲食中高磷食物(如加工食品、火鍋料)分布廣泛,衛教難度較高。

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