— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
病人獲醫囑給予靜脈輸注氯化鉀 20 mEq。護理師執行給藥時下列哪項措施最為關鍵？
A client is prescribed intravenous potassium chloride 20 mEq. Which action by the nurse is essential for safe administration?
- AMonitor for symptoms of hyperkalemia during infusion輸注期間監測高血鉀症狀
- BAdminister the medication via IV push經靜脈推注給藥
- CDilute the medication in at least 100 mL of fluid✓ 正解將藥物稀釋於至少 100 mL 液體中
- DEnsure the client has a patent peripheral line before starting確保開始輸注前病人周邊靜脈通路暢通
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀嚴禁靜脈直接注射（IV push），因可能導致心跳停止。標準給藥程序必須稀釋，濃度通常不超過 10 mEq/100 mL，且需透過輸液幫浦給予。D 雖重要但非安全性核心因素（稀釋濃度才是），A 為給藥後監測，C 為給藥前安全準備之關鍵指標。
Potassium chloride is strictly forbidden to be given by IV push, as it may cause cardiac arrest. Standard administration requires dilution, with the concentration generally not exceeding 10 mEq/100 mL, and must be administered via infusion pump. While option D is important, it is not the core safety factor (proper dilution concentration is); option A is post-administration monitoring; option C is the critical pre-administration safety preparation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院對鉀離子輸注濃度規範極嚴，通常需經中樞靜脈給藥，美國在適當稀釋下允許周邊靜脈輸注。