— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀，下列哪項護理措施最為恰當？
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
- ACheck the client's urine output before initiating the infusion在開始輸注前檢查病人的尿量
- BEnsure the infusion rate does not exceed 10 mEq/hour via a peripheral line✓ 正解確保經周邊靜脈輸注時，輸注速率不超過 10 mEq/hour
- CDilute the medication in 50 mL of normal saline for rapid correction將藥物稀釋於 50 mL 之生理鹽水中以快速糾正
- DAdminister the medication via IV push to ensure rapid effect經靜脈推注給藥以確保快速療效
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈輸注鉀離子具高度危險性，必須嚴格控管速度。外周靜脈輸注速度建議不超過 10 mEq/hr，且濃度不可超過 10 mEq/100 mL，以防造成血管壞死或心律不整。D 選項會導致致命性心律不整，嚴禁靜脈推注；A 雖是原則但非輸注當下的優先技術性參數；D 濃度過高會損害血管。
Intravenous potassium chloride must be administered slowly to prevent phlebitis and cardiac arrhythmias. When given via a peripheral line, the rate should not exceed 10 mEq/hour. IV push administration is strictly contraindicated due to the risk of fatal cardiac arrest.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床對於鉀離子輸注速度要求一致，但台灣護理師執行此類高警訊藥物時，通常需雙人確認簽名。