護理師在給藥前確認病人身份時,最重要的行為是什麼?
Which action by the nurse is the most important when identifying a client before medication administration?
- ALook at the name listed above the client's bed查看病人床頭上方列出的名字
- BCall the client by name and wait for a response呼叫病人名字並等待回應
- CAsk the client to state their full name and date of birth✓ 正解請病人自報全名和出生日期
- DCheck the client's room number and bed position檢查病人的房號和床位位置
病人辨識(Patient Identification)是病人安全(Patient Safety)的首要目標。核心概念是使用「至少兩種獨立辨識碼」(Two Patient Identifiers),且這兩種辨識碼不得與病人的地理位置(如房號、床號)相關。最標準且安全的方法是請病人主動陳述其全名與出生年月日(C),並同時對照其手圈(ID Band)與醫囑系統。選項 D 與 A 都是環境因素,容易因為病人換床或標牌未更新而導致錯誤。選項 B(呼喚病人名字)存在風險,因為意识不清、聽力受損或處於特定文化背景下的病人,可能會在沒聽清的情況下點頭回應。臨床思路上,護理師必須確保病人是該醫療行為的正確受體,這是所有護理介入的絕對前提。
To ensure patient safety during medication administration, the nurse must verify identity using at least two independent identifiers, such as asking the client to state their full name and date of birth. Relying on room numbers, bed labels, or calling a name is unsafe as these methods can lead to identification errors due to confusion or outdated information.
美國 TJC 委員會嚴格規定不可使用房號辨識,且必須有兩種辨識碼。台灣現行評鑑亦採取相同標準,並推行條碼掃描(Barcoding)技術,但口頭核對姓名與生日仍是 NCLEX 考試中的最優先標準步驟。