— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師教導家長關於汽車安全座椅的知識。哪句話顯示家長已理解指導內容？
A nurse is teaching a parent about car seat safety. Which statement indicates the parent understands the instruction?
- AThe car seat should be placed in the back seat and face the rear✓ 正解汽車安全座椅應置於後座並採後向式安裝
- BThe car seat should be placed in the front seat for better supervision汽車安全座椅應置於前座以便監督
- CThe car seat should face forward until the child is 1 year old汽車安全座椅應朝前直到孩子滿一歲
- DThe chest clip should be placed at the level of the child's abdomen胸扣應置於與孩子腹部同高的位置
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
兒童汽車安全座椅的核心安全原則在於保護其脆弱的頭部、頸部與脊椎。後向式安裝（Rear-facing）能將撞擊力均勻分散至整個背部，而非集中於頸部，這對於骨骼尚未發育完全的嬰幼兒至關重要。美國兒科學會（AAP）建議兒童應儘量維持後向式乘坐，直到達到座椅製造商規定的身高或體重上限。此題測驗的是護理師對兒童乘客安全（Child Passenger Safety）的衛教能力，重點在於安裝位置與方向。
Placing the car seat in the back seat facing rearward indicates correct understanding, as this position offers the best protection for an infant’s head, neck, and spine during a collision. Rear-facing seats distribute crash forces across the entire back, which is critical for developing skeletal structures.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣法規對於兒童安全座椅的規定較為寬鬆，但NCLEX考試遵循的是美國兒科學會（AAP）的最高安全標準，即儘量維持後向式安裝直到身高體重上限，而非僅以年齡作為劃分。