— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備給予病人靜脈注射氯化鉀，哪些步驟是必須遵守的安全規範？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client. Which actions are required for safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the potassium is diluted per facility protocol✓ 正解確認氯化鉀已依機構規定稀釋
- BAdminister the potassium as an IV bolus push以靜脈推注方式給予氯化鉀
- CEnsure the client has adequate urine output✓ 正解確保病人有足夠的尿量
- DUse an infusion pump for accurate administration rate✓ 正解使用輸液幫浦以準確控制給藥速率
- EMonitor the IV site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解監測靜脈穿刺處是否有靜脈炎的跡象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈鉀離子注射具有高危險性。絕對嚴禁直接推注（bolus），否則會導致心跳停止。必須稀釋並使用輸液幫浦定量給予。給鉀前需確認病人腎功能（尿量正常），以防高血鉀。鉀離子具強烈刺激性，務必監測輸注部位避免靜脈炎。
Intravenous potassium must be diluted and administered via an infusion pump to prevent fatal cardiac arrhythmias and severe vein irritation. The nurse must also verify adequate urine output to ensure renal excretion capability and monitor the IV site for phlebitis, as potassium is highly irritating to tissues.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院常規下，高濃度鉀離子給藥需雙人核對，美國則多視為高警訊藥物（High-Alert Medication）進行嚴格管控。