護理師準備為引產產婦使用催產素(Oxytocin)。出現哪些評估結果時,護理師必須立即停止輸注?(選所有適合的)
The nurse is preparing to administer oxytocin for labor induction. Which assessments require the nurse to stop the infusion immediately? (Select all that apply.)
- AContractions lasting 100 seconds✓ 正解宮縮持續 100 秒
- BContractions occurring every 2 to 3 minutes每 2 至 3 分鐘發生一次宮縮
- CLate decelerations on the fetal monitor✓ 正解胎心監護出現晚期減速
- DFetal heart rate baseline of 140 beats/min胎心音基線為每分鐘 140 次
- EUterine resting tone of 25 mmHg✓ 正解子宮靜息張力為 25 mmHg
Oxytocin 的使用安全性取決於子宮收縮的強度與頻率,以及胎兒的耐受度。子宮過度刺激(Uterine tachysystole)會導致子宮血流中斷,進而引發胎兒窘迫。標準警訊包括:收縮時間過長(>90秒,A 正選)、收縮頻率過密(每 2 分鐘內多於一次)、或子宮休息期壓力過高(>20 mmHg,E 正選,代表子宮未完全放鬆)。晚期減速(Late decelerations,C 正選)是胎盤功能不足與胎兒缺氧的明確指標,必須立即停藥以恢復血流。B 選項是引產的理想目標。D 選項(140 bpm)是正常的胎心音基準值,無需停藥。護理師在此必須果斷判斷,避免子宮破裂或胎兒永久損傷。
The infusion must be stopped immediately if contractions last longer than 90 seconds, if the uterine resting tone exceeds 20 mmHg, or if late decelerations occur, as these indicate uterine tachysystole and fetal distress. These signs suggest uteroplacental insufficiency, requiring cessation of oxytocin to restore blood flow and prevent uterine rupture or permanent fetal injury.
在美國,產科護理師(L&D Nurse)擁有極大的自主權,可根據 ACOG 指引自行啟動「停藥後再啟動」流程;台灣實務上則多需與產科醫師密切口頭溝通,但「立即停藥」仍是護理師首要的安全責任。