— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師正在進行全靜脈營養（TPN）輸注。哪項併發症是監測的最高優先級？
A nurse is administering total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which complication is the highest priority to monitor?
- AHyperglycemia✓ 正解高血糖
- BHypokalemia低血鉀
- CFluid overload體液過量
- DCatheter-related infection導管相關感染
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
TPN 含有極高濃度的葡萄糖，最常見且立即性的併發症是高血糖。護理師需規律監測血糖，必要時依照醫囑給予胰島素。雖然感染與液體過量亦是風險，但高血糖造成的滲透壓失衡與代謝紊亂在臨床上最為頻繁且需嚴謹控管。
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) contains high concentrations of glucose, making hyperglycemia the most frequent and immediate complication. Nurses must closely monitor blood glucose levels and administer insulin as prescribed to manage this metabolic risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院常用 TPN 專門的團隊（Nutrition Support Team）來計算劑量，台灣多由醫師與藥師共同調配。