校護觀察青少年的發展階段，若「認同感與角色混淆」發展任務未完成，可能出現哪些表現？（選所有適合的）
A school nurse is observing adolescents. Which developmental task, if unmet, might indicate a need for further support during the identity vs. role confusion stage? (Select all that apply.)
- AInability to form a stable career or educational goal✓ 正解無法形成穩定的職業或教育目標
- BExcessive reliance on peer approval for self-worth✓ 正解過度依賴同儕認可以獲得自我價值感
- CRefusal to participate in group social activities拒絕參與團體社交活動
- DConstant experimentation with various subcultures or personas不斷嘗試各種次文化或人格面具
- EDifficulty maintaining personal beliefs independent of parental influence✓ 正解難以維持獨立於父母影響之外的個人信念
艾瑞克森發展理論中，青少年需建立自我認同。若未完成任務，會出現對未來目標迷茫、過度從眾以尋求歸屬感、無法在家庭影響下建立獨立價值觀。過度實驗（D）在青少年時期是探索的一環，而非全然負面；不參與活動（C）不代表認同危機。
During Erikson’s identity versus role confusion stage, adolescents must develop a stable sense of self, including career goals and independent values. An inability to set future goals, excessive reliance on peer approval, and difficulty distinguishing personal beliefs from parental influence suggest unresolved identity issues, whereas normal exploration or social withdrawal may not indicate developmental failure.
美國學校文化鼓勵青少年提早進行職業探索；台灣教育環境在升學壓力下，可能壓縮此階段的探索空間，導致此發展任務延後。