— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導懷孕婦女關於孕期營養。哪些建議是必須的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a pregnant client about prenatal nutrition. Which recommendations are essential? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease folic acid intake to prevent neural tube defects✓ 正解增加葉酸攝取以預防神經管缺陷
- BConsume well-cooked meats to avoid listeria infection✓ 正解食用完全煮熟的肉類以避免李斯特菌感染
- CAvoid raw fish and high-mercury seafood✓ 正解避免生魚片和高汞海鮮
- DIncrease daily caloric intake by approximately 300-500 kcal✓ 正解每日熱量攝取增加約 300-500 大卡
- ELimit iron intake to prevent nausea限制鐵質攝取以預防噁心
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
孕期營養對於母體與胎兒發展至關重要。葉酸（Folic acid）能預防胎兒神經管缺陷（neural tube defects），必須在孕前及孕早期補充。此外，孕期因為免疫系統改變，對於食物中毒（如李斯特菌）更為敏感，故應嚴格避免生食。熱量適度增加是為了支持胎兒生長與母體生理需求，鐵質則是預防孕期貧血的必要補充。
Essential prenatal nutrition includes increasing folic acid to prevent neural tube defects and consuming well-cooked meats to avoid listeria infection due to altered immunity. Clients should avoid raw fish and high-mercury seafood to protect fetal neurodevelopment and increase caloric intake to support fetal growth. Iron supplementation remains necessary to support expanded maternal blood volume, contrary to limiting it.