— 基本照護與舒適 · HARD · MCQ —
一位慢性腎臟病病人需要評估體液狀況，哪項指標最準確？
A client with chronic kidney disease requires an assessment of fluid status. Which indicator is the most reliable?
- ABlood pressure readings血壓讀數
- BIntake and output charting出入量紀錄
- CDaily body weight✓ 正解每日體重
- DPresence of peripheral edema周邊水腫的存在
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
每日體重是最敏感且最準確的液體平衡指標，1 公斤的體重變化約等於 1 公升的液體波動。I/O 紀錄雖然重要，但易因測量疏漏或汗液、呼吸丟失而產生誤差。周邊水腫出現時通常已積聚大量水分，血壓受多重因素影響，非單一液體指標。
Daily body weight is the most sensitive and accurate indicator of fluid balance, as a change of 1 kg approximately equals 1 liter of fluid. Other methods like intake/output records are prone to error, while edema and blood pressure are less specific or late indicators.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地皆將每日體重視為黃金標準；美國護理教育更強調此指標與容量負荷（Volume loading）的病理生理關聯。