— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師與一位純素食（Vegan）病人討論營養。護理師應提供什麼衛教以確保營養充足？
A nurse is discussing nutrition with a client who is vegan. What teaching should the nurse provide to ensure nutritional adequacy?
- AFocus on high-fat snacks for satiety.專注於高脂零食以增加飽足感。
- BSupplement with Vitamin B12.✓ 正解補充維生素B12。
- CEliminate all legumes to avoid gas.排除所有豆類以避免脹氣。
- DLimit fruits to prevent sugar intake.限制水果攝取以防止糖分攝取。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
純素飲食者由於不攝取任何動物性產品，維生素 B12（天然存在於肉類、奶蛋）極易缺乏，長期缺乏會導致惡性貧血與神經損傷，因此必須補充。其他選項內容錯誤，豆類是良好的蛋白質來源（C 錯誤），應鼓勵而非限制。
Fluid volume overload presents with increased vascular pressure, indicated by a bounding pulse, distended neck veins, and crackles in the lungs due to fluid accumulation. Additionally, rapid weight gain of 1 kg in 24 hours is a highly reliable sign of significant fluid retention.
✦ 台美臨床差異
無差異，兩地營養師對於純素食者的營養規劃重點皆集中在 B12 與鐵質補充。