— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人服用華法林（Warfarin），護理師應給予哪些飲食指導？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed Warfarin. Which dietary instructions should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods✓ 正解維持富含維生素 K 食物的攝取量一致
- BIncrease consumption of leafy green vegetables增加葉菜類蔬菜的攝取
- CAvoid taking herbal supplements like St. John's wort✓ 正解避免服用聖約翰草等草藥補充品
- DReport any unusual bleeding or bruising✓ 正解報告任何異常出血或瘀青
- ELimit intake of all alcoholic beverages✓ 正解限制所有酒精飲料的攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林透過干擾維生素 K 作用來抗凝。飲食重點在於「穩定」而非「戒斷」。大幅增減綠色蔬菜攝取會導致 INR 波動。St. John's wort 會影響藥物代謝。此外，飲酒會影響肝臟代謝功能，增加出血風險。任何異常出血都必須立即就醫。
Warfarin therapy requires maintaining a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods to prevent INR fluctuations, while avoiding sudden increases in leafy greens. Clients should also limit alcohol, avoid herbal supplements like St. John’s wort that affect metabolism, and immediately report any signs of unusual bleeding.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國非常強調藥食交互作用，華法林衛教是護理師核心職責；台灣則常由營養師與藥師共同參與衛教。