— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師教導病人關於舌下含服硝酸甘油（Nitroglycerin）。正確的給藥程序為何？
A nurse is teaching a client about sublingual nitroglycerin. What is the correct procedure for administration?
- APlace the tablet under the tongue and wait for 5 minutes✓ 正解將錠劑置於舌下並等待 5 分鐘
- BTake up to 5 tablets if pain persists若疼痛持續，最多吃 5 顆錠劑
- CSwallow the tablet with a full glass of water用一杯水吞服錠劑
- DCrush the tablet if it is too large若錠劑太大則將其磨碎
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
硝酸甘油（Nitroglycerin）舌下錠透過口腔黏膜快速吸收，直接進入循環系統，繞過肝臟首渡效應（First-pass effect）。正確給藥方式是將藥物置於舌下，直至完全溶解，期間不可吞嚥或飲水。若 5 分鐘後症狀未緩解，需每 5 分鐘服用一次，最多 3 次，若無效應立即求醫，此為心絞痛（Angina）的緊急處理原則。
Noisy, high-pitched respirations (stridor) indicate laryngeal edema or nerve damage, which poses an immediate risk of airway obstruction. Following ABC priorities, this finding requires urgent notification of the surgeon to prevent respiratory arrest.