— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備對低血鉀病人靜脈給予氯化鉀（KCl）。哪些行動是必要的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium chloride (KCl) to a client with hypokalemia. Which actions are essential? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister the medication via IV push to correct levels quickly經靜脈推注給藥以快速糾正血鉀水平
- BEnsure the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral lines✓ 正解確保周邊靜脈導管的濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- CMonitor the site for signs of phlebitis or infiltration✓ 正解監測部位是否有靜脈炎或滲漏跡象
- DVerify the presence of urinary output before administration✓ 正解給藥前確認有尿液排出
- EUse an infusion pump for all potassium infusions✓ 正解所有鉀離子輸注均使用輸液幫浦
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀嚴禁靜脈推注（IV Push），否則會導致心跳停止。給予鉀離子前需確保腎功能正常（尿量 > 30 mL/hr），防止高血鉀症。因鉀離子具強烈血管刺激性，必須使用輸液幫浦控制流速，嚴格遵守濃度限制，並密切監測輸液部位有無發炎或滲漏。
Intravenous potassium chloride must never be given as an IV push due to the risk of cardiac arrest. Essential safety actions include verifying urinary output to ensure renal function, using an infusion pump for controlled delivery, monitoring the site for irritation, and adhering to concentration limits for peripheral lines.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫療機構對 KCl 給藥有極嚴格的雙重核對機制，台灣亦有「高警訊藥物」警示，流程結構相似。