護理師正在評估跌倒高風險病人。下列哪些因素會增加病人的跌倒風險?(選所有適合的)
The nurse is identifying clients at high risk for falls. Which factors increase a client's risk? (Select all that apply.)
- AAge older than 65 years✓ 正解年齡超過 65 歲
- BCurrent use of benzodiazepines✓ 正解目前使用苯二氮平類藥物
- CHistory of a fall within the past 6 months✓ 正解過去 6 個月內有跌倒史
- DUrgency and frequency of urination✓ 正解尿急與頻尿
- EBeing oriented to person, place, and time對人、時、地定向力完整
跌倒風險評估(如 Morse Fall Scale)包含多面向:年齡、藥物、病史與排泄需求。65 歲以上(A)因感官退化與平衡感下降為高風險;使用苯二氮平類藥物(B)會造成鎮靜與運動失調;近 6 個月內的跌倒史(C)是預測未來跌倒最強的指標;尿急或頻尿(D)常使病人在匆忙下床且未尋求協助時發生意外。整個評估重點在於識別「可干預」與「不可干預」因素,進而制定個別化防護計畫。選項 E(意識清楚)是保護因素而非風險因素,因為病人能理解並遵循安全衛教,發生意外的機率相對較低。
Factors increasing fall risk include advanced age, use of CNS-depressing medications like benzodiazepines, a history of recent falls, and urinary urgency or frequency. Being fully oriented is a protective factor that reduces confusion and enhances safety compliance, rather than increasing risk.
美國 NCLEX 非常重視 Morse 或 Hendrich II 等標準量表;台灣醫院普遍使用自製的跌倒評估表,並在病床頭放置顯眼的「防跌倒標誌」(如小黃人或黃色手環),且強調家屬陪同的重要性。