— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人正在使用靜脈注射嗎啡止痛，出現嚴重噁心。護理師應採取何種措施？
A client receiving IV morphine for pain reports severe nausea. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse?
- AIncrease the IV infusion rate增加靜脈注射輸注速率
- BInstruct the patient to drink more water指示病人多喝水
- CAdminister an antiemetic✓ 正解給予止吐劑
- DStop the opioid and inform the provider停止鴉片類藥物並通知醫師
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嗎啡引起的噁心通常是常見副作用，透過刺激延腦的化學受體觸發區（CTZ）所致。臨床處理原則為給予止吐劑（如 Ondansetron）來處理症狀，除非病人出現呼吸抑制或過敏，否則不需隨意停止必要的止痛治療。
Opioids commonly cause nausea by stimulating the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). The most appropriate nursing action is to administer an antiemetic to manage this expected side effect while continuing necessary pain therapy.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床對於鴉片類藥物的副作用處理一致，皆強調止吐藥的輔助角色。