護理師進行社區評估。下列哪項因素最能預示人口群體的健康差異風險？
A nurse is conducting a community assessment. Which factor is most indicative of a high risk for health disparities in a population?
- AExistence of public parks公共公園的存在
- BHigh frequency of social gatherings社交聚會的高頻率
- CHigh number of local pharmacies當地藥局數量多
- DLow literacy level in the community✓ 正解社區中的低識讀能力
健康差異（Health disparities）的成因多樣，其中健康識讀能力（Health literacy）是關鍵的社會決定因素。當社區居民缺乏閱讀、理解與應用醫療資訊的能力時，將直接導致對預防保健的執行力不足、藥物服從性低及延誤就醫。護理師在評估社區風險時，應優先關注影響民眾獲取與運用健康資源的核心障礙，而非僅看表面的環境設施。
Low health literacy in a community is a significant social determinant that increases the risk for health disparities by hindering patients' ability to understand medical information and adhere to treatment plans. While environmental factors like parks or pharmacies support wellness, limited literacy directly obstructs access to care and effective health management.
美國非常強調「Health Equity」與社會決定因素（Social Determinants of Health, SDOH），NCLEX常考如何識別這些非臨床因素。台灣臨床較少將「社區健康識讀」列為護理師社區評估的核心指標，多專注於疾病衛教。