護理師指導一位第二型糖尿病個案關於適當的足部護理。應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with Type 2 Diabetes about proper foot care. What should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AInspect feet daily for cuts and blisters✓ 正解每日檢查雙腳是否有割傷和水泡
- BSoak feet in hot water to clean them用熱水泡腳清潔
- CKeep the areas between toes dry✓ 正解保持趾間乾燥
- DApply lotion between the toes在趾間塗抹乳液
- EWear well-fitting, comfortable shoes✓ 正解穿著合腳舒適的鞋子
糖尿病足部護理的目標是預防感染與潰瘍，因糖尿病個案常伴隨周邊神經病變（Peripheral Neuropathy），對痛覺與溫度感敏感度下降，極易造成不可逆的傷害。護理重點在於每日徹底檢查皮膚完整性、維持清潔乾燥，並穿著適當鞋履以減少摩擦壓力。臨床上，必須教導病患避免任何可能造成熱損傷或過度潮濕的行為，因為微小傷口在糖尿病患者身上可能迅速惡化導致截肢。
Daily foot inspection is critical for diabetic clients due to peripheral neuropathy, which reduces sensation and increases the risk of unnoticed injuries. Keeping the skin between toes dry prevents fungal infections, while wearing well-fitting shoes minimizes pressure ulcers. Avoiding hot water soaks and lotions between toes further protects against burns and moisture-related complications.
在美國臨床教學中，非常強調由護理師檢查病患足部的「觸覺與溫度覺」，並建議病患在家使用鏡子檢查足底，這點在台灣臨床衛教中亦同，但美式護理強調更強的「自我賦能（Empowerment）」與病患主動參與。