護理師指導病人如何自行注射依諾肝素(Enoxaparin)。衛教應包含哪些內容?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is teaching a client about the self-administration of Enoxaparin. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AInject the medication into the abdominal tissue at least 2 inches from the umbilicus✓ 正解在距離臍部至少2英吋處的腹部組織注射藥物
- BExpel the air bubble from the prefilled syringe before injection注射前從預充式針筒中排出空氣泡
- CDo not rub the injection site after the medication is administered✓ 正解給藥後不要揉搓注射部位
- DPinch the skin fold throughout the entire injection process✓ 正解在整个注射過程中捏起皮膚摺
- EAspirate for blood return before injecting the medication注射藥物前先抽吸確認是否有血液回流
依諾肝素(Enoxaparin / Lovenox)是低分子量肝素(LMWH),其注射技巧與一般皮下注射略有不同,旨在減少皮下瘀青與血腫。核心技巧:1. 選址於腹部皮下組織,距離臍部至少 2 吋(A 正確)。2. 絕對『不可』排出預填式針筒內的小氣泡,該氣泡是為了在注射結束後將剩餘藥物完全推入並封閉皮下通道(B 錯誤)。3. 注射後禁忌按摩(Rubbing),因為這會破壞微血管導致大片瘀青(C 正確)。4. 注射時應捏起皮膚摺疊處(Pinch)直到結束,確保藥物進入皮下而非肌肉(D 正確)。5. 皮下注射不需要回抽(Aspiration),這會增加組織損傷(E 錯誤)。臨床安全重點在於維持預填針筒的完整性與正確的部位保護。
The nurse should instruct the client to inject enoxaparin into the abdominal tissue at least 2 inches from the umbilicus, pinch the skin fold throughout the injection, and avoid rubbing the site afterward. The air bubble should not be expelled, and aspiration is unnecessary to prevent tissue trauma and hematoma formation.
美國 NCLEX 考題非常強調預填針筒『不排氣泡』這項特有規範。在台灣,有些臨床護理師受傳統皮下注射習慣影響仍會排氣,但針對 Lovenox 這類 LMWH,與國際接軌的衛教應強調保留氣泡的重要性。