— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · SATA —
護理師衛教病人關於流感預防。應包含哪些資訊？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about the prevention of seasonal influenza. Which information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AGet the influenza vaccine annually✓ 正解每年接種流感疫苗
- BWash hands frequently with soap and water✓ 正解頻繁用肥皂和水洗手
- CAvoid close contact with individuals who have symptoms✓ 正解避免與有症狀者密切接觸
- DTake antibiotics as a prophylactic measure服用抗生素作為預防措施
- ECover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing✓ 正解咳嗽或打噴嚏時遮住口鼻
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防季節性流感的核心在於中斷病毒傳播鏈及提升個體免疫力。流感病毒主要透過飛沫與接觸傳播，因此接種疫苗是預防感染最有效的方法，而良好的衛生習慣則是阻斷傳播的基石。在衛教時，護理師應強調非藥物介入措施（NPIs）的重要性，並導正病人對於抗生素的錯誤認知。抗生素僅對細菌有效，對於病毒感染無效，濫用抗生素不僅無法緩解流感症狀，更會導致抗藥性問題。
Prevention of seasonal influenza relies on annual vaccination to boost immunity and strict hand hygiene to interrupt viral transmission. Clients should also avoid close contact with symptomatic individuals and practice respiratory etiquette by covering their mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses and should not be used for prophylaxis.