— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位新診斷心房顫動的病人，醫師開立華法林（Warfarin）。下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with new onset atrial fibrillation. The physician prescribes warfarin. Which nursing interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AMonitor the International Normalized Ratio (INR)✓ 正解監測國際標準化比值 (INR)
- BAdvise the client to keep Vitamin K intake consistent✓ 正解建議病人維持維生素 K 攝取量一致
- CInstruct the client to use a soft-bristled toothbrush✓ 正解指示病人使用軟毛牙刷
- DEncourage the client to take aspirin for mild headaches鼓勵病人因輕微頭痛服用阿斯匹靈
- EAssess for signs of bleeding such as hematuria or bruising✓ 正解評估是否有血尿或瘀青等出血跡象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林為維生素 K 拮抗劑，監測 INR 為藥效評估核心。飲食中維生素 K（深綠色蔬菜）攝取量須穩定，以防藥效波動。病人需預防出血風險，故使用軟毛牙刷並監測出血徵象。阿斯匹靈具抗血小板作用，與華法林併用會大幅增加出血風險，需避免使用。
Monitoring the International Normalized Ratio (INR) is essential to assess warfarin efficacy, while maintaining consistent vitamin K intake prevents fluctuations in drug response. Patients should use soft-bristled toothbrushes and be assessed for bleeding signs to minimize trauma, and aspirin should be avoided due to increased bleeding risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對於華法林衛教重點相似，但在台灣對於中藥或草本補充劑的交互作用需特別詢問病人。