護理師應優先將哪位病人安置於隔離防護措施中？
Which of the following clients should the nurse prioritize for isolation precautions?
- AA client with chronic hepatitis B患有慢性 B 型肝炎的患者
- BA client with localized shingles患有局部帶狀皰疹的患者
- CA client with suspected tuberculosis✓ 正解患有疑似結核病的患者
- DA client with a surgical wound infection患有手術傷口感染的患者
此題的核心在於感染控制的傳播途徑識別。結核病（Tuberculosis, TB）透過飛沫核（Droplet nuclei）傳播，屬於空氣傳播（Airborne transmission），具高度傳染性，必須優先安置於負壓隔離病房並執行空氣隔離措施。臨床判斷應優先處理對環境中他人具威脅性的傳染病，以維護大眾安全。
The nurse should prioritize a client with suspected tuberculosis for immediate isolation because the disease is transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei and poses a high risk to others. Unlike hepatitis B, localized shingles, or surgical wound infections which typically require standard or contact precautions, tuberculosis necessitates airborne precautions, such as placement in a negative-pressure room, to prevent widespread transmission.
美國醫院對 TB 的隔離遵循 CDC 指引，疑似病例進入醫院即需啟動 Airborne Precautions 並儘速安排 N95 適合度測試（Fit testing）後的護理師照護，流程較台灣更強調在急診即刻啟動。