— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導病人自行注射胰島素。應包含哪些步驟？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. Which actions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解旋轉注射部位以防止脂肪營養不良
- BGently roll the cloudy insulin vial between palms✓ 正解在掌心輕輕滾動混濁胰島素瓶
- CInject at a 90-degree angle for most patients✓ 正解對大多數病人以 90 度角注射
- DMassage the injection site vigorously after administration給藥後用力按摩注射部位
- EClean the site with alcohol and allow it to dry completely✓ 正解以酒精清潔部位並完全晾乾
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素自我注射教育需確保吸收穩定與預防併發症。輪替注射部位可預防脂肪組織增生（Lipodystrophy）。混濁胰島素（如 NPH）需輕輕混勻以確保濃度均勻。注射角度通常為 90 度以確保進入皮下組織。注射後不可揉擦，以免加速吸收導致低血糖。皮膚消毒後需完全晾乾，避免酒精隨針頭進入組織引發刺激與疼痛。
Insulin self-administration education should include rotating injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy and gently rolling cloudy insulin vials to mix particles evenly. Patients should inject at a 90-degree angle and allow the alcohol site to dry completely to avoid stinging, while avoiding vigorous massage post-injection.