針對肝硬化引起的腹水病人，護理措施的首要目標為何？

大量腹水會向上推擠橫膈膜，導致肺部擴張受限，引發換氣不足與呼吸困難。因此，護理的首要生理目標是改善呼吸功能（如採取半坐臥位、監測氧合）。戒酒是長期策略；肝硬化病人需視情況調整蛋白攝取（可能需限制）；肝酵素改善是治療結果，非護理的首要干預點。

Ascites increases intra-abdominal pressure, which pushes against the diaphragm and restricts lung expansion, leading to respiratory distress. Therefore, the primary nursing goal is to improve respiratory function through positioning, such as elevating the head of the bed. While alcohol cessation and nutritional adjustments are important, addressing the immediate threat to gas exchange takes precedence.

美台護理對腹水病人的照護原則一致，但在美國，營養師會密切參與該類病人的飲食制定，台灣則較常由護理師執行衛教。